Importance of patient confidentiality Essay

Medicinal services experts have an obligation to keep up secrecy for their patients. Wellbeing experts may not uncover any patient data uncovered by a patient or found by a doctor regarding the treatment of a patient. Patients put the entirety of their trust into social insurance experts and they must ensure patients’ private data. Results will be made if persistent classification is revealed. The security of patient data is essential in light of the fact that there are many hazard factors that could happen. The unveiling of patient data can put patients in danger. Numerous issues could happen if quiet data isn’t kept private. Somebody could get their standardized savings number, take their personality or even discover their location. Other medicinal services suppliers tattling about a patients’ data, for example, a STD, could get around to others that the patient may know by and by and that can intellectually, genuinely and truly influence a patient. All in all, AMA’s Code of Medical Ethics expresses that the data uncovered to a doctor over the span of the patient-doctor relationship is private to the most extreme degree. (â€Å"American Medical Association,† 2013, Para. 1) In the event that quiet privacy is uncovered than there are results that will follow. Human services experts could be ended for a specific timeframe or totally terminated from the activity relying upon the circumstance. Human services suppliers or even the office could be sued. Additionally social insurance suppliers could lose patients’ trust since they could hear by listening in on others' conversations that quiet data isn't secure, and they are not a reliable office. Unlawful activities might mean prison time or court contingent upon the circumstance. Keeping up persistent privacy is a legitimate obligation just as a moral obligation. (â€Å"American Medical Association,† 2013, Para. 2) The reason for medicinal services provider’s is to cause the patient to feel allowed to uncover all of theirâ history so the doctor can treat the patient fittingly. â€Å"If patients are not sure that there communications will be held in certainty, they might be restrained from enlightening their primary care physicians concerning significant things. (Alta, Anderson, Steele, 2000, para.3) There are times when private data hosts to be uncovered to outside gatherings with the patients’ assent, for example, insurance agencies, parent/watchman, wellbeing divisions or the court may need to summon patient’s clinical records if patients’ don't have any desire to go along to let others see them. This is known as a break of secrecy. This implies tolerant records can be uncovered to an outsider, without persistent assent or court request, of private data that the doctor includes learned inside the patient-doctor relationship. Tolerant record host to be checked on by different gatherings to get their insurance agencies to pay for their consideration and different specialists or offices may need to see their history on the grounds that occasionally patients must be alluded to different specialists. The general standard with respect to arrival of a patient’s clinical record is that data contained in a patient’s clinical record might be discharged to outsiders just if the patient has assented to such exposure. (â€Å"American Medical Association,† 2013, Para. 6) Congress passed the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) in which offers assurance for individual wellbeing data. It places confines on how secret wellbeing data can be imparted to other people. The HIPPA rules and guidelines give patients better security over their data. Human services suppliers need to submit to a progression of security gauges and on the off chance that they don't, they will have punishments to maintain for not keeping those norms. Inside the HIPPA rules, patients reserve the privilege to demand a duplicate of their records. It sets up shields for classified wellbeing data gathered, kept up, utilized, or transmitted in electronic structure. Understanding secrecy can be stayed away from if social insurance suppliers stay proficient consistently and observe all guidelines, laws and guidelines. Offices need to have gatherings on a week after week premise so they would all be able to remain refreshed on all standards and issues that should be tended to. Correspondence is the thing that all social insurance suppliers need to incite in light of the fact that it helps keepâ everyone on the same wavelength and if there are any issues wellbeing expert ought to have the option to discuss well with others to address a circumstance in an expert way. By and large keeping up tolerant secrecy is the principle obligation to give the best consideration to patients since causing patients to feel calm with their human services suppliers gives them the trust they have to realize they will be very much dealt with. On the off chance that this obligation of trust is broken, patients might be reluctant to look for care or may not share significant data expected to give the best consideration. The HIPPA laws have reinforced patient privacy. Keeping persistent data private is something beyond the best activity, it is the law. References In text Citation: (Alta, Anderson, Steele, 2000, para.3) (â€Å"American Medical Association,† 2013, Para. 1) (â€Å"American Medical Association,† 2013, Para. 2) (â€Å"American Medical Association,† 2013, Para. 6) Alta, V. Anderson, JD. Steele, D. (September 26, 2000) Confidentiality and Privacy Outline. Webmedia Retrieved May 27, 2013 from http://webmedia.unmc.edu/intmed/geriatrics/addresses/aita3.pdf

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 162

Outline - Essay Example The creator battles that verifiably, America’s assumed attack and freedom of nations, for example, Philippines and Iraq frequently finishes to unsuitable results. America’s endeavors at making abroad domains using power have consistently been disastrous as seen by the Spanish-American war. These endeavors have consistently brought about the production of hostile to American kickback that compromises the country’s security. The Bush organization despised global establishments and the possibility of a network of intensity, a methodology taken by previous President Wilson Woodrow. The administration’s attack of Iraq looked somewhat like past intrusion endeavors of Philippines in 1900, Mexico 1913, and South Vietnam in 1961. Bush’s Administration dismissal for the country’s authentic encounters in the previously mentioned nations came about to produce hostile to America kickback and stir a fairly lethargic Iraqi patriotism. The administrationâ₠¬â„¢s ‘war on terror’ saw the nation connect with itself in a bleeding control of Iraq. It likewise served to fuel the cliché perspective on America as the apparent ‘savior’ of the world. This served to empower newcomers along foe lines. The September 11 2001 assault conveyed by Al-Qaeda on the US was done by 19 people of non-US nationality by means of four seized US business traveler streams in Newark, Boston, and Washington (Murphy 239). The commandeered airplanes were collided with the World exchange Center New York, the Pennsylvania open country, and the Pentagon in Northern Virginia. The nineteen robbers had filled in as a solitary, coordinated gathering for a time of eighteen months. The six heads of the gathering were knowledgeable and prepared as pilot having entered the US sooner than the remainder of the gathering. The others were more youthful and less instructed and served to control travelers on the plane. The gathering was approved and financed by Osama receptacle Laden, a Saudi Expatriate situated in Afghanistan working through his

5 Online Tools for Boosting Productivity - Focus

5 Online Tools for Boosting Productivity - Focus We all know that arriving back at your desk to a long list of to-dos can be a daunting task. Luckily there are a number of apps which can help. Here are our top 5 tools to help break up large tasks into manageable to-dos, allowing you to keep track of time and remain happy and healthy, throughout your working week: 1. KEEP TRACK OF YOUR TIME WITH TOGGL When you’re not feeling focused, getting down to a demanding task can feel impossible. In order to ensure you’re not spending disproportionate amounts of time on less important tasks, it’s useful to keep track of the time you spend on each. Tools like Toggl can help you to keep tabs on this, allowing you to categorize projects and then turn on a stop-watch when you begin work on each area. Time-tracking boosts your productivity by giving you a push when you’re procrastinating, or spending too much time on a simple task. When youre tracking for content writing for example, then start swerving towards a completely different task, time-tracking offers you that little ping of guilt to  get you back on track. It will also provide a good understanding of how long each task will take, making your schedule realistic and efficient. 2. SCHEDULE EVERYTHING WITH MEISTERTASK Once you have a better understanding of the kinds of tasks which require time and which can be ticked-off quickly, you can begin to schedule your to-dos. You’ll avoid counter-productive stress by packing-out your timetable too tight, and will be able to organize your work depending on how you work best. This could be by getting the small tasks done first thing, or by cracking on with the largest task at hand. With task management tool,  MeisterTask,  you can use the calendar and due date features to schedule all of your meetings, dates and deadlines in one place. This will make it easier for you and your team to keep track of what needs to be done by when and by who, preventing the usual tangle of online calendars and personal diaries. Designed to be used either individually or preferably within a team, the tool allows designated members to view both their personal and shared tasks, leave comments and attach files, improving cooperation and communication within the team. 3. COLLABORATE WITH GOOGLE DOCS Collaboration has been found to increase creativity, so to boost your productivity look for online tools which enable teamwork with your colleagues, and those located remotely. Tools like Google Docs allow for real-time updates on shared documents as you work, improving communication and reducing time spent following endless email threads and offline versions of documents. Documents are automatically saved as you work, meaning that as long as you have an internet connection, you won’t lose that last hour’s hard work. 4. STAY FIT WITH RUNTASTIC It’s hugely important that you set aside time to relax, exercise and completely switch-off from work. The opportunity to exercise at work has been found to increase productivity, concentration and problem-solving abilities. Exercise has also been found to decrease feelings of anxiety or nerves. As a result, scheduling in time to exercise, or to just take a 30 minute lunchtime walk, can help to increase your output. Try using the Runtastic app to track your runs, remain motivated and stay fit. The exercise will not only boost your productivity that day but will benefit your emotional and physical wellbeing longer term. 5. REMAIN FOCUSED WITH HEADSPACE Studies have found that meditation can actually result in physical changes to the brain, leading to growth within the parts associated with learning, and shrinking in those associated with stress. Mindfulness was similarly found to improve focus, sleep and the ability to listen and feel present â€" all of which are essential for a productive day’s work. A recent randomized controlled trial found that using the Headspace mindfulness app for a short period of time every day for 10 days resulted in an improved mood and fewer symptoms of depression. Headspace offers a free course in 10-minute meditation exercises for beginners and if you find, as the statistics suggest, that it boosts your positivity and ability to focus, you can sign up for a paid account from there. ACCESS REMOTELY For those of us often on the move, our smartphones and tablets have provided a great way to make the most of a spare 30 minutes in transit. Fortunately, all of the above online tools are available as apps for iOS and Android, enabling you to fully utilize those spare minutes. If you have a hectic week ahead, having a structured and organized start on a Monday morning can make all the difference to your productivity levels. So if you’re feeling under pressure, try using these apps for 10 minutes on a Sunday from home, blocking out in a calendar how you plan to spend your week in order to meet your commitments, ensuring you have time reserved for your physical and emotional wellbeing. This will help you to start your week with a clear mind, reassured that you’ll be able to get things done, while remaining positive, healthy and focused. So those are five of our favorite tools for boosting productivity. Let us know yours in the comments below! Discover your productive workflow Get started with MeisterTask Its free! Get started with MeisterTask 5 Online Tools for Boosting Productivity - Focus We all know that arriving back at your desk to a long list of to-dos can be a daunting task. Luckily there are a number of apps which can help. Here are our top 5 tools to help break up large tasks into manageable to-dos, allowing you to keep track of time and remain happy and healthy, throughout your working week: 1. KEEP TRACK OF YOUR TIME WITH TOGGL When you’re not feeling focused, getting down to a demanding task can feel impossible. In order to ensure you’re not spending disproportionate amounts of time on less important tasks, it’s useful to keep track of the time you spend on each. Tools like Toggl can help you to keep tabs on this, allowing you to categorize projects and then turn on a stop-watch when you begin work on each area. Time-tracking boosts your productivity by giving you a push when you’re procrastinating, or spending too much time on a simple task. When youre tracking for content writing for example, then start swerving towards a completely different task, time-tracking offers you that little ping of guilt to  get you back on track. It will also provide a good understanding of how long each task will take, making your schedule realistic and efficient. 2. SCHEDULE EVERYTHING WITH MEISTERTASK Once you have a better understanding of the kinds of tasks which require time and which can be ticked-off quickly, you can begin to schedule your to-dos. You’ll avoid counter-productive stress by packing-out your timetable too tight, and will be able to organize your work depending on how you work best. This could be by getting the small tasks done first thing, or by cracking on with the largest task at hand. With task management tool,  MeisterTask,  you can use the calendar and due date features to schedule all of your meetings, dates and deadlines in one place. This will make it easier for you and your team to keep track of what needs to be done by when and by who, preventing the usual tangle of online calendars and personal diaries. Designed to be used either individually or preferably within a team, the tool allows designated members to view both their personal and shared tasks, leave comments and attach files, improving cooperation and communication within the team. 3. COLLABORATE WITH GOOGLE DOCS Collaboration has been found to increase creativity, so to boost your productivity look for online tools which enable teamwork with your colleagues, and those located remotely. Tools like Google Docs allow for real-time updates on shared documents as you work, improving communication and reducing time spent following endless email threads and offline versions of documents. Documents are automatically saved as you work, meaning that as long as you have an internet connection, you won’t lose that last hour’s hard work. 4. STAY FIT WITH RUNTASTIC It’s hugely important that you set aside time to relax, exercise and completely switch-off from work. The opportunity to exercise at work has been found to increase productivity, concentration and problem-solving abilities. Exercise has also been found to decrease feelings of anxiety or nerves. As a result, scheduling in time to exercise, or to just take a 30 minute lunchtime walk, can help to increase your output. Try using the Runtastic app to track your runs, remain motivated and stay fit. The exercise will not only boost your productivity that day but will benefit your emotional and physical wellbeing longer term. 5. REMAIN FOCUSED WITH HEADSPACE Studies have found that meditation can actually result in physical changes to the brain, leading to growth within the parts associated with learning, and shrinking in those associated with stress. Mindfulness was similarly found to improve focus, sleep and the ability to listen and feel present â€" all of which are essential for a productive day’s work. A recent randomized controlled trial found that using the Headspace mindfulness app for a short period of time every day for 10 days resulted in an improved mood and fewer symptoms of depression. Headspace offers a free course in 10-minute meditation exercises for beginners and if you find, as the statistics suggest, that it boosts your positivity and ability to focus, you can sign up for a paid account from there. ACCESS REMOTELY For those of us often on the move, our smartphones and tablets have provided a great way to make the most of a spare 30 minutes in transit. Fortunately, all of the above online tools are available as apps for iOS and Android, enabling you to fully utilize those spare minutes. If you have a hectic week ahead, having a structured and organized start on a Monday morning can make all the difference to your productivity levels. So if you’re feeling under pressure, try using these apps for 10 minutes on a Sunday from home, blocking out in a calendar how you plan to spend your week in order to meet your commitments, ensuring you have time reserved for your physical and emotional wellbeing. This will help you to start your week with a clear mind, reassured that you’ll be able to get things done, while remaining positive, healthy and focused. So those are five of our favorite tools for boosting productivity. Let us know yours in the comments below! Discover your productive workflow Get started with MeisterTask Its free! Get started with MeisterTask

World Civ Quiz - 3656 Words

APWH Ch. 23-25 Test Review Ch. 23 1. The Portuguese mariner who sailed to Calicut in 1498 was A. Dias B. Columbus C. Cook D. Vasco da Gama 2. Which of the following was not one of the main inspirations for European exploration? A. The desire to conquer China and India B. The search for basic resourcesC. The desire to establish new trade routes to Asian marketsD. The desire to spread Christianity 3. The first European nation to dominate trade with Asia was A. EnglandB. Spain C. Portugal D. France 4. The Portuguese viewed the Atlantic Ocean islands as the perfect location for the cultivation of A. Cotton B. Sugarcane C. Indigo D. Maize 5. Which of the following was†¦show more content†¦Australia B. New Zealand C. Hawai`i D. Tahiti 21. In their attempt to control the spice trade in the Indian Ocean, the Europeans during the period between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries A. Achieved a monopoly B. Used an alliance wi th southern Indian princes to achieve successC. Were never able to displace the Chinese monopoly D. Met with limited success because of a lack of personnel 22. Hormuz, Goa, and Melaka were all seized in the early 1500s by A. Vasco da Gama B. Afonso d Alboquerque C. Francis Drake D. Zheng He | 23. The Portuguese dominance of trade was dependent on their ability to A. Force the native populations to convert to Christianity B. Form alliances with Chinese princes to take advantage of the large Chinese navy C. Force merchant ships to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties D. Conquer territories and bring them permanently into their growing empire 24. Which of the following cities was not a Portuguese trading post? A. Goa B. Hormuz C. Melaka D. Bombay 25. In the end, Portugal was unable to maintain its early domination of trade because A. It was a small country with a small population B. A Chinese resurgence of naval exploration forced the Portuguese outC. A late outbreak of the bubonic plague in the seventeenth century killed half the

Essay about Evaluating Teachers - 3174 Words

Running Head: A STICKY AFFAIR: EVALUATING TEACHERS A STICKY AFFAIR: EVALUATING TEACHERS Daniel De Jesus EDA 551 Grand Canyon University March 23, 2011 ii) Responding to Parent’s Letter (1) Formal Response 123 Lincoln Ave Orange, NJ 07050 October 26, 2010 Mrs. Robertson 250 Central Ave Orange, NJ 07050 Dear Mrs. Robertson: I write this letter to completely reassure you that we are taking the concerns you brought up with the utmost seriousness that they deserve. As a matter of fact, we have investigated the matter the last couple of days to ascertain the facts and events of what happened in Ms. Paulson’s Computer Technology Class on Monday during the third period. There were 27 students†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, considering the letter mentioned the parent going to the media as a result of the incident, it is important to show swift action and resolve in dealing with this issue in an effort to show how both parental concerns and the reputation of our school as an educational institution are seriously addressed and taken into account. One understands that Ms. Paully Paulson is a non-tenured staff member who has not been around our school for much longer than a year on this type of setting. At the same time, inexperience and lack of familiarity with certain skills and techniques to deal with classroom management cannot be the only issue that needs to be addressed in this incident. The way pictures of a pornographic nature were able to be shown in a classroom setting is a very serious issue that one hopes never has to occur again. Based on the past evaluation of Ms. Paully Paulson, it has been shown that she has had difficulty with classroom management in the past, and the couple of times I have dropped in to check on her work this certainly appears to continue being the case, as oftentimes she was overly focused on individual instruction and some kids were not properly supervised on a consistent basis. I will bring these concerns to her to make sure that Ms. Paulson receives adequateShow MoreRelatedEvaluating A Tea cher On The State Of Georgia1202 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' Evaluating of a Teacher in the state of Georgia Based on the Georgia Department of Education, Georgia has a new way of evaluating all of its teachers. Beginners teachers are held with the same standards as tenured teachers. The evaluation is through Teacher Keys Effectiveness System (TKES) which is consist of three components which gives to an overall Teacher Effectiveness Measure (TEM). First component is Teacher Assessment on Performance Standards (TAPS). The second component is SurveysRead MoreEvaluating Strategies For Retaining Effective Teachers980 Words   |  4 Pagesquality teachers, and human resource personnel tend to run into problems of retaining effective teachers. These issues tend to be identifying quality teachers. The quality of a teacher is often seen after the teacher is in the classroom by reviewing students annual standardized test scores. Determining the quality of the teacher has been viewed in parallel of their pre-service training and university when recruiting. It has been common to offer favorable incentives to recruit â€Å"quality teachers† andRead MorePlan for Evaluating and Improving Formative and Summative Teacher Evaluation 1393 Words   |  6 Pagescreate a new paradigm for teacher evaluation requires identification and understanding of the key issues involved in these evaluations. 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Nightmare Carnival and Read Laser Tag Free Essays

Just A Nightmare Carnivals are places that you go to have fun, but sometimes these fun places can turn into your worst nightmares. It all began on a night out with my family. We were just out at the mall and when we were coming back home, we passed by a carnival. We will write a custom essay sample on Nightmare: Carnival and Read Laser Tag or any similar topic only for you Order Now The carnival looked incredible so my family and I decided to go to the carnival and have some fun as well. We went to the carnival and it looked better up close. There were people and lights everywhere, but the carnival still had a hollow and chilly feeling to it. Wherever I went, I had the feeling that somebody was following me. My brothers and me went on a couple of rides and then I saw a huge sign that read ‘Laser Tag’. That’s when I suddenly got an awkward urge of playing Laser Tag. I told my father and he got a ticket for me. The line was really long and my father did not want to wait in line with me so I told him that I could wait in line all alone and he should come back after 30 minutes to get me. He agreed and left me waiting there. Again this time, I had the chilly feeling that somebody or something was watching me anxiously, waiting to strike. It was finally my turn. I went in with a group of twenty people dressed in laser tag jackets of four different team colors and black laser guns labeled with the same color as their jackets. I was in the yellow team. After all of us got ready, the laser tag employees let us into a dark black-walled maze. I ran away from everyone so I would not get tagged. I ran and ran until I reached a dead end. I looked around and saw a red-labeled jacket and gun making its way toward me. I got my gun ready to shoot whoever it was, but when I pressed on the gun to shoot, the sound it made sent shivers down my spine. It was the boom sound real guns made. I looked in front of me and the red-labeled person fell to the ground. I just stood there, unable to move. I was still trying to make sense of this whole thing and after about five minutes, I got to the conclusion that I had just killed a person! I was a murderer! I ran, closing my eyes as I got close to the person I had just killed. I clutched the gun tightly in my shaking hands incase I came in contact with more trouble. I ran and ran. I saw other labeled people, but I did not dare lift up my gun. I have to find my way out was the only thing I could think. I saw light far away at the end of the caliginous path. As I got closer, I realized it was some kind of backdoor. I ran through it and now, once again, I was out in the free air, but this time, there was no body to be seen or heard. There was stillness everywhere. It seemed like not even a single leave was moving. I looked around cautiously once again and started to run. I had to get as far away from this place as possible. I ran like a maniac who had some running disease. I got to an empty parking lot. It looked like a ghost town. I saw a dumpster and hid behind it to catch my breath. I was taking long, constant breaths when I heard distant footsteps coming closer and closer. I stopped breathing and got my gun ready again. I did not know what happened to me, but I felt like a walking and talking killing machine. The footsteps started to turn into silent claps that got louder. The footsteps then turned around the corner and their owner was now facing me. He was not a normal person. He was a clown. He was wearing those bright, colorful jester clothes and big red clown shoes. I stood there frozen. I had been scared of clowns since forever, and now my worst nightmare had come alive. Good job on your first kill,† the clown said, laughing hysterically. He got a shiny silver dagger out of the oversized pocket of his jester clothes and brought it towards me. I pointed my gun at him and pressed, but instead of a bullet or boom sound, a laser came out. The clown laughed hysterically again and brought the dagger close to my neck. â€Å"Too bad it’s your last. à ¢â‚¬  And that is when I opened my eyes. I was lying on by bed sweating badly. My heart was beating like a drum. I looked around myself, panicking. â€Å"It was just a nightmare,† I convinced myself. Just a nightmare†¦ How to cite Nightmare: Carnival and Read Laser Tag, Papers

Dumpster Diving Essay Example For Students

Dumpster Diving Essay How many time have you or someone you know thrown away items that could be given to goodwill or recycled. I know I have done this many times without thinking that these items may be useful to someone else. Dumpster Divers are people who search for things that other people have thrown out that are still useful, can be recycled and have value. They will not only pick up discarded items left at the curb side of peoples homes, but they will climb into dumpsters at apartment buildings and behind shopping centers. Most dumpster divers dont actually get into the bins and dig around. Instead, they use a long pole allowing them to lean over the dumpster and pull the goods they want up to them. People enjoy doing this as a hobby. For them it is like a treasure hunt. Dumpster diving can also be profitable. For example: Money can be made from aluminum cans to items that can be resold in a garage/yard sale. Dumpster diving has its good qualities as well as bad qualities. The good being what I have listed above. The bad qualities being that dumpster divers need not get into dumpsters that have medical and hazardous waste. Here a person could be jabbed with a used sharp needle or even get unknown substance on them. In some places dumpster diving is illegal. I can see the reasoning of why it would be. I feel that in a way it is stealing as well as who wants people going through their garbage, which may contain paperwork with confidential information on it. I also can see that sometimes it is also a good thing because something I may throw away may be very useful to someone else. Science .

Corporate Downsizing Essays (2583 words) - Unemployment,

Corporate Downsizing Corporate Downsizing Organizations in every segment of business, industry, government, and education are downsizing. Downsizing is and has been a controversial phenomenon in the last few years. The controversy that surrounds downsizing may be better described as a debate in organizational theory about whether change is adaptive or disruptive. The issues which establish the outcome of the controversy include why the downsizing is taking affect, how it is implemented, and what steps are taken to enhance its effects on organizational performance. The reasons for corporate downsizing are presented in many forms. Some companies downsize due to technological changes such as automation, which brings about the need for a reduction in the production workforce. Others may feel that competitiveness with other companies warrants the need for a reduction in the workforce. Financial setbacks due to customer demand, market shares, and loss of revenue could also initiate the need for downsizing. When will it end? Experts say it won't. For instance, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was established as a universal trade agreement between the US, Cannada, and Mexico to allow free imports and exports. It was also established with the intent to help poor countries, like Mexico, export their products for economic reasons. In my opinion, it has strongly contributed to America's massive downsizing phenomenon. Companies that have experienced financial setbacks and losses seem to relish the idea that they can downsize the workforce here in the states, move operations into places like Mexico, hire cheap labor, and export their product back to the states, while making bigger profits. The sad part about this is that it is true, and NAFTA is largely responsible for this type of downsizing. Is this ethical? That remains to be seen. The truth is that unless an organization was designed expressly for the purpose, it is not in business to provide employment. Jobs are the by-product of successful organizational endeavors, not their intended output. If the decision to downsize is a response to competitive pressures, it will appear impatient or premature to those who must leave. If it is perceived as anything less than a well developed strategic response to demands on the organization, then it fails to show employees need for the criteria. Downsizing can sometimes seem to be about creating victims and displacing blame rather than accepting responsibility and choosing moral and ethical ways to implement the outcome. Management wants a quick cut that protects he company's assets, yet it wants to be gentle and compassionate to those who are let go. These two objectives are self-canceling, and to accomplish the first requires considerable compromise on the second. Many companies wait until the day of the lay-off to inform its employees. They are concerned about sabotage and productivity. They seem to think that if they retain the bad news until the last moment that the employees will leave and the rest will get back to business. However, this method of a lay-off is the least favorable for the employees. If the company gives the employees notice of the cutback in the workforce, they will have time to plan for the financial problems, look for other work, and make other necessary arrangements to prepare them for the loss. It would be in the best interest of the company to give this notice to its workers. Being a survivor of downsizing can have its own ethical issues. Those who are left after the downsizing has occurred, may share perceptions about the ethics of the decisions leading up to the dismissal of those who left. They may experience feelings such as anger, guilt, fear, and even depression. These feelings could be brought on by having to take up the slack and doing more work. They could also be asked to learn new tasks and for the same or maybe even less money than before the downsizing. Asking people to do more for less money can seem unfair. In my opinion, companies and organizations sometimes put too much pressure on surviving employees. This can cause the decision-makers to seem insensitive to the reality that employees are people with full lives and responsibility outside the workplace. Call it outsourcing with a heart. DuPont on December 11, tentatively agreed to outsource its computer

Frankenstein Essays (438 words) - English-language Films

Frankenstein Essays (438 words) - English-language Films Like a mother, Victor brings new life into the world, technically making him the father of the creature. The fact that Victor describes the creature as, Something Dante could not have conceived, suggest that hes had high-standard education, with Dante being an Italian poet. However, disgusted and scared, he runs away from his son, illustrating the event of when a mother aborts her child. This is when the idea of the creature being a doppelganger comes into the picture; when Victor and others neglect this child, the creature learns that while possessing such looks, no one will accept him. He alternates personalities by killing and threatening, all due to the emotional pain he endures from peoples disdain; he is regressing, just like his father. On the other hand, his father is overcome by joy and eagerness to be able to stop death, despite the fact that it is dangerous. This can be considered as the son inheriting the father personalities, they both have villainous character within them but they are both doing it for the good; for example, Victor wanting to protect his family from the creature and wanting to stop death, and the creatu re only wanting to have someone with the same appearance to stop all the resentment thrown at him. This chapter also enhance the regression of Victor at the time of Elizabeths reanimation. At first he describes the event to be a catastrophe, a wretch, but the time comes when his grief over Elizabeths death conceals the danger of his previous creation, forcing him to recreate her life. On that account, this makes it Romantic act, as this shows that his emotions are more powerful and more important than the analytical side of things. To add to that Romantic part of the novel, in chapter 5, Victor starts to reminisce over nature, as if using it to hide away from his toils. He claims to: ...remember the first time I became capable of observing outward objects...perceived that the fallen leaves had disappeared and the young buds shooting from trees... As well as suggesting the Romanticism in childhood, Victor shows the power of the beauty of nature and how this heals his emotional troubles. Again, the use of character falls down to consequences, that one event always leads to another. It is the father and son connection that gives the reader the horror that there is no hero in the story; both Frankenstein and the creature have done terrible deeds that leads to even more terrible results, and, as I mentioned, there is no one who can stop this from happening.

What would you consider to be the most important socio-technical Essay

What would you consider to be the most important socio-technical issues that should be considered in an analysis of CourseNet - Essay Example (Ropohl, 1999) Computer Based Learning - Internet has revolutionized how we do day to day things, including learning. E-Learning or Web based learning is beneficial for individuals as well as organizations as it has many advantages. It not only provides flexibility & ease of access, but also the performances are improved & are better compared to students studying in traditional schools. A thorough investigation of the CourseNet   case requires grasp of most of these items.Setting sight on the entire system helps to avoid the trap of finding a singl point of blame.If an application is not working as desired , has bugs, fails too often it is easy to afix blame on the software programmer. However, this may not be a far-sighted approach. In an organization that does not have documented policies or procedures, it is easy to shift blame. For a project to be successful it is essential that roles & responsiblites clearly defined.Sufficient attention is given to various management aspects for e.g. Cost Management, Risk Management, Scope Management , Time Management etc. Project Management is an approach of planning, organizing & managing resources to achieve flourishing goals & objectives of specific project. All these aspects define the rate of success of a project. Effective project management pricnicpals & use of IT best practises such as defined by ITIL, SOX etc. are always helpful for project to proceed in an organized, phased manner. In the event of missing procedures or insufficient attention towards one of the procedures it is difficult to be reasonable & determine the breakdown in the work flow. Those belonging to the bottom of the food chain are often held responsible for making mistakes though a decision maker would have commited strategic or a tactical error . In the absence of necessary data points required for evaluation & lack of performance parameters can lead employees as well as

Compare and Contrast early Ford Model T and Late model Ford Crown Essay

Compare and Contrast early Ford Model T and Late model Ford Crown Victoria - Essay Example With a front-mounted, 2.9 L, 4 cylinder motor in a block producing 20 horsepower for a top speed of 45 mph (72 km/h), the Model T had many qualities which would today be considered vintage, and yet ironically also had features that would be considered state of the art amongst the vehicles in the modern day. One such feature is that it had no clutch pedal, and shifting was instead accomplished by means of floor pedals with no clutching required. The Early Ford Model T was particularly light at only about 1 200 pounds, and yet incredibly powerful with such an engine under the hood. "Simple, sturdy, and versatile, the little car would excite the public imagination." ("Forbes"). By removing the twelve bolts on the top of the car off, the entire hood pulls away, exposing all four cylinders, all four pistons and all eight valves. "The crank case is oil tight and in addition to enclosing the crank shaft, forms the lower half of the housing of the transmission, fly-wheel, magneto and flexible joint, all of which are enclosed and operated in an oil bath. This form of construction makes dripping of oil impossible as all working parts are enclosed." ("Ford"). The Model T had high and low control speeds and an emergency brake by hand levers at the left of the driver. Spark and throttle gave it all speeds from 3 to 40 miles per hour. Ford reduction gear system, two sets of brakes: a service band brake on the transmission, and internal expanding brakes in the rear hub drums, artillery wood wheels, pneumatic tires, seating for four adults, and for a price of $850, the Ford Model T was classed as - and in fact still is - "The Car of the Century". It quickly became "one of the biggest-selling automobiles of all time." ("Encarta"). There are many similarities and certainly many more differences in the comparison of The Ford Model T to an automobile such as the Late Model Ford Crown Victoria. This model, also known as the "Crown Vic", was first produced in 1955, and did not outlast the 1950s. The Crown Victoria is often referred to as the "Dodge Monaco" of the 1990s and beyond, and is a universally popular automobile. "Some 90% of police cars in the US and Canada are Crown Victorias, since Ford was the only automaker still making sedans for police after the Chevrolet Caprice was phased out after 1996." ("Wikipedia"). "The Crown Vic is heavy, almost SUV-like heavy. It depends on this bulk to run suspects off the road should the need arise." ("Modern"). The Crown Victorias are popular for their impressive safety ratings, easily accessible entry and exit, quiet interior, and optional power-adjustable pedals - over 80 000 Crown Vics are sold in a single year. This luxury sedan is powered by a 4.6-liter V8 that produces 224 horsepower. "The base Crown Victoria ($23 620) comes standard with air conditioning, ABS, power windows, power door locks, power mirrors, an eight-way power adjustable driver's seat, tilt steering wheel,

Wireless Network Security

Wireless Network Security There is a growing need to find lasting solutions on how to deal with security issues involving with wireless networks, in order to make them as secure as possible. The growth of the Internet has been an explosive since inception, and this has lead to a great increase in the number of portable/mobile computing and communication devices such as notebook computers and mobile phones, in recent years. As manufacturers constantly improve on the features, and general capabilities of mobile devices, the Internet also continues to get bigger and to improve, even at a faster rate than these mobile devices. In fact, the market for mobile computing and telecommunications is likely to overtake the market for fixed (conventional) computing and telecommunications, in the near future. This is because there has been a consistent growth in the demand for mobile devices for computing and telecommunications. [1] Without a doubt, wireless technology was has been a very relevant and vital breakthrough in the computer and telecommunications world, and the Wireless third generation (3G) network is proving to be increasingly beneficial to many users of various networks. The main advantages of the 3G networks are that they provide a lot more interconnectivity and, a better and wider reach. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) has also been advantageous. Some of the advantages of WLAN include the use of Broadband service with low costs and wide-reaching technology. Therefore, integrating 3G wireless networks with wireless local area network was invented, naturally, so as to get the best of both words of3G wireless network and WLAN. [1] http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-48/NIST_SP_800-48.pdf Background. WLAN and 3G are two key mobile/wireless technologies, which have been identified to have great potential in terms of value to the customer. While 3G is a standard that defines technology that can provide high bandwidth wireless access over a large area and supports various services such as roaming, WLAN is a disruptive technology that provides higher bandwidth within small areas. With WLAN getting integrated to 3G networks, there are several security threats that need to be considered. These are threats that are unique to such an integrated network as well as threats due to the vulnerabilities inherent in each network. The 3rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) has defined the standards for the integrated WLAN-3G network. The organisation takes into consideration several security issues, as part of its standardisation efforts. However, there are still some gaps in the security that can adversely affect service delivery and vulnerability. From the security point of view, the network architectures are defined for both Roaming and Non-Roaming inter-working scenario. Additional components are specified to the 3GPP network architecture to facilitate inter-working such as Packet Data Gateway (PDG) and WLAN Access Gateway (WAG). The inter-working is based on UMTS Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) authentication method. This requires a user equipment to run the USIM application. This means that WLAN user equipment is equipped with capability to use UICC smart cards. The inter-working mechanism enables a 3G mobile network subscriber to access WLAN networks operated by different service providers. This also supports roaming scenarios. Wireless local area network (WLAN) and 3-G devices enable users to carry their computers and communication devices around within their offices and homes, without having to handle any wires and without having to disconnect from the network when moving around. There is greater flexibility with these devices, due to less wiring, thereby increasing overall efficiency, and also reduced wiring costs. For instance, networks that use Bluetooth technology can be used for synchronization of data with network systems, and enable the sharing between of computer applications between devices. With Bluetooth functionality, there is no need for printer cables and some other connection equipment for peripheral devices. 3G network based security threats. The key threats for 3G networks in perspective of integration of networks are: Wireless LAN customer who does not have access to 3G networks get access to 3G services without subscription. WLAN user gains access to 3G network and creates issues such as Denial of Service WLAN user gains access to 3G network and uses impersonation for using the service but charging other customers. Manipulation of charging when services like calls are transferred from one network to another. Application and Data related threats. Collection of login details and personal details that are transmitted over the network by using sniffing tools and mechanisms, especially when sufficient transport security is not set. Manipulation of information used for user authentication or service access to gain access to unauthorised services or manipulation of billing. Extracts personal information that are used at other places such as credit card information. Obtain information about user such as permanent identity in the network. Virus attacks from WLAN devices to other devices in the network Trojans and malicious software passed from one end-device to another. For volume based charging model, a rogue partner can flood the user with garbage packets to increase the invoiced amount. Malicious programs on the user terminal that increases the traffic to certain sites or content to illegally increase the traffic. Security Considerations for 3G-WLAN Integrated Networks. The security framework for 3G-WLAN integrated networks consists of various layers. Each security layer is independent of the other layers. However, there needs to be an overall security scheme that connects all the security requirements together. Also, since some of the vulnerabilities can happen at multiple layers, a holistic approach and framework is required to address all the risks of the special network. Authentication security at the user terminal. The authentication scheme in the case of 3G-WLAN should be based on a challenge response protocol similar to the existing mobile communication authentication scheme. This requires that the authentication details in the user terminal to be stored securely on UICC or SIM card. This should support mutual authentication and security mechanisms such EAP. Signalling and User Data Security. The subscriber needs to have the same level of security as the mobile access that is specified for the 3G networks. This means that the WLAN authentication and re-authentication mechanisms must be at the same levels as for 3G USIM based access. It needs to support the maintaining session key verification and maintenance. Also the 3G systems should provide the required keys with sufficient length and levels of entropy that are required by the WLAN subsystem. WLAN key agreement, distribution and authentication mechanism should be secure against any attacks by middlemen. The WLAN access technology between the user equipment and the access point/ network should be able to utilise the generated session keying material to ensure the integrity of the connection for authentication. Privacy of User Identity. The keys used by 3G AAA function that are used for the generation of temporary identities that is used for the communication between the network element and the user terminal should not be possible to recover. If it is possible to retrieve the keys, the permanent identity can be derived from any of the temporary identities. Also it should be possible to mask the different temporary identities corresponding to the permanent identity. Security of the access interface. The access interface between the user equipment and the network element should be protected against eavesdropping and all attacks on the security-relevant information. Sufficient cryptographic mechanisms should be employed to ensure adequate security, and at least 128 bit encryption keys should be used for the security system. The interaction between the different endpoints of the local interface should be properly authenticated and authorised. Also the keys used for the security should not be shared across the local interface links and each interface should use unique keys. Access of the user terminal and SIM remotely should be monitored such that the user can choose to allow or disallow the connection. Displaying of the information should be provided to the user to enable the user to take the decision. Further, the USIM information should be secured when it is transferred across different networks such as 3G core network, WLAN network or any other networks involved. Link Level Security. Wireless link can be classified as the most vulnerable interface among all the interfaces in the 3G-WLAN integrated network. The link layer security provided by the WLAN network should be used for ensuring security at this layer. At this layer, the confidentiality and integrity of user data should be protected. In addition, any signalling information between the user equipment and the access point should also be secured. Another area of vulnerability is the key distribution, key validation, key freshness and key ageing. Security of any Tunnelling. UE can tunnel information to other devices in the Visited PLMN or the Home PLMN. When such tunnelling is employed, the data origin should be authenticated and integrity checks should be supported. Also the confidentiality mechanisms should be in place between the systems. As the 3G systems have defined security roles in tunnelling, the decision on allowing tunnelling is a function of the 3G network. It is essential to implement the right decision parameters such as level of trust in the WLAN access network or the Visited PLMN involved, capabilities supported in the WLAN user equipment in terms of security in tunnelling and whether the user is authorised for such services. Privacy of User Identity. User identity privacy ensures that none of the permanent subscriber identification information is send across the network in clear. This is based on temporary identities such as pseudonyms or re-authentication identities. Sufficient security procedures should be followed in generating, distributing, using and updating these identities. Also the period of maintaining a temporary identity is also important to prevent tracing of the identity. Various scenarios need to be considered for design of such a system such as: WLAN UE receiving more than one temporary identity from the AAA server Tunnel establishment If the identity privacy support is not activated by the home network Confidentiality Protection. The confidentiality protection should consider different scenarios and network access options. The key scenarios are: In WLAN direct IP access: Here the function is implemented using the WLAN access network link layer. In WLAN 3GPP IP access: Here the integrity of IP packets that is sent through the tunnel between the user equipment and the network should be protected. Research Points. Authentication, Authorisation and Accounting are the most important factors in ensuring network security. There are various techniques available in various types of network available for AAA. One example is UMTS-AKA in 3G network and EPA in wireless networks. Each of these techniques are suitable for the respective types of networks and considering the security requirements. With the integration of networks, the characteristics expected of the integrated network are a combination of both networks. The integrated network is expected to work with the same simplicity and efficiency as a WLAN network but with the security implementations of a 3G network. However a 3G-network security introduces overhead on the network resources that are not desirable in the integrated network. Also when there is an access from one network to another, the overall security profile of the integrated network is that of the weaker part of the network, in this case, the WLAN network. There is a need for the use of the AAA method, which is simple in operation in terms of the message handshakes required and delay introduced and at the same time secure enough to match the 3G network security requirements. The objective of this research is to: Evaluate the current AAA mechanisms available in terms of its capability, Recommend the best option for WLAN-3G network in terms of the efficiency and the security effectiveness. Methodology The methodology for identification of suitable AAA function involves the following: Evaluation of the currently selected methodologies used UMTA-AKA, WLAN-EAP These protocols are evaluated in terms of the overhead required to handle the mechanism and strength of the method infrastructure required to support the system in terms of network elements. Identification of other methodologies used in other technologies and networks Profiling of the different technologies in terms of the capabilities, limitations and characteristics Establishment of minimum requirements of 3G-WLAN network Comparison of profile to the minimum requirements established and selection of methodologies Recommendation of modifications required in the methodologies to suit to WLAN-3G environment. Research Tools. Various tools and resources will be employed during the course of this research, including: Reference implementations of AAA functions. Simulation software for evaluation of the robustness and strength of the AAA functions. Standardisation documents that provide evaluation of the AAA methodologies. Commercial products that employ AAA functions; such as WLAN access points and WLAN user equipments. Software protocol analysers for checking the message flow and function. Expected Results. This research will aim at providing guidance to operators and vendors, on the use of AAA functions for 3G-WLAN networks. Specifically, the following results expected at the end of this research: Identification of suitable AAA function for use in integrated WLAN-3G networks Recommendations of modifications required for the current implementation of the AAA function. References. A Guide to Wireless Network Security: White Paper. http://techlibrary.networkcomputing.com/rlist/920045790_12/sort_by/doc_type/IP- Networks.html Wireless Networks Evolution, Vijay Garg, 2002, Prentice Hall. http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~charles/publication/ft-concept.pdf http://fiddle.visc.vt.edu/courses/ecpe6504-wireless/projects_spring2000/report_sathyamoorthy.pdf http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-48/NIST_SP_800-48.pdf http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wirelesssecurity/tp/wifisecurity.htm http://www.pcstats.com/articleview.cfm?articleID=1489 http://www.practicallynetworked.com/support/wireless_secure.htm http://www.windowsecurity.com/articles/Wireless-Network-Security-Home.html http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wireless-network.htm http://netsecurity.about.com/od/hackertools/a/aa072004b.htm http://netsecurity.about.com/cs/wireless/a/aa112203_2.htm http://www.networkworld.com/topics/wireless-security.html Home 3GPP TSG Services and System Aspects, 3G Security: Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Interworking Security (release 6), Technical Report, 3GPP TS 33.234 V6.5.1, (2005-6), December 2005. 3GPP TSG Services and System Aspects, 3G Security: Security Architecture (release 6), Technical Report, 3GPP TS 33.102 V7.0.0, December 2005. 3G and WLAN Interworking Security: Current Status and Key Issues, International Journal of Network Security, Jan 20063GPP TSG Service and System Aspects, Feasibility Study on 3GPP System to Wireless Local Area (WLAN) Interworking (release 6), Technical Report, 3G TS 22.934 v. 6.2.0 (2003-09), Sept. 2003.

Quakers Case Essay

This research paper will argue that the evangelicals were embraced mostly by blacks not only because it’s the nearest imitation of their African nature rituals but because they have given support to the abolition of slavery in the United States. Quakers were known to be the most vocal concerning their opposition to slavery; there were also other denominations that did not favor slavery. George Fox, founder of the Quaker group â€Å"Society of Friends†, preached against slavery in the late 16oo’s, but never really took action against it. Even though Fox, a major Quaker leader, was opposed to slavery, other Quaker leaders owned slaves. This was because they interpreted the doctrines of their religion to exclude slaves. The institution of slavery became a divided issue among Quakers in the Society. Benjamin Lay, for example, was against slavery. Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians were very vocal concerning their dissatisfaction with slavery. (1) However, the main concern was that large amounts of the population were not being exposed to God. They had to resolve whether the larger concern was to end slavery and thus allow many â€Å"unchristian† people to go to hell after death, or to evangelize the slaves while letting the issue of slavery slide under the carpet. Subsequently, Methodists and Baptists also became the two denominations to achieve the earliest successes in proselytizing slaves (Lane 184). The first third of the nineteenth century was a significant time for antislavery. Haitian slaves had risen up and freed themselves from French rule in 1803. In England, decades of antislavery agitation led Parliament to abolish slavery in the British Empire by 1834 In the United States, sectional friction related to slavery began in earnest with the Missouri crisis of 1820. Nor were black voices silent. Free African American ministers sermonized against slavery’s cruelties. Periodic fears of slave violence came to a head in 1822 with the discovery of Denmark Vesey’s planned slave uprising (2). As the conflict over slavery heated up, and as news of the Vesey conspiracy broke in 1822, and word spread about the rebellion of Nat Turner in 1831, a great fear enveloped whites (5).   All these factors caused a few whites to begin to renew the spiritual struggle against slavery. The Reverend George Bourne, an Englishman who headed a Presbyterian congregation in Virginia, refused communion to slaveholders and excoriated slaveholding ministers. Way back 1784 Methodists were so bold as to say that they â€Å"promised to excommunicate all Methodists not freeing their slaves within two years† (5). Opposing racism is definitely amongst the strongest reasons for the abolition of slavery. This argument seems quite feasible, considering the fact that only Negroes were slaves. That is to say, skin color was the most deciding factor in whether somebody was a slave or a slaveholder (1). Catherine Meeks, professor of African American studies at Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, says, â€Å"It was the white control of the worship [on slave-holding plantations], the inability to accept blacks as equals, and the negation of black personhood that led to the separation of the black church from the white church and to the emergence of a black religious community.† (4) Independent black churches—most of them Baptist or Methodist—†were not separating themselves from whites because they held a different doctrinal view of Christianity,† notes James H. Cone of Union Theological Seminary. â€Å"Without exception, blacks used the same articles of faith and polity for their churches as the white denominations from which they separated. Separation, for blacks, meant that, they were rejecting racism that was based on the assumption that God created blacks inferior to whites.† (5) Even though white Protestant denominations in the 1840s split over the issue of slavery, the congregations of northern Protestants remained just as closed to blacks who moved north. Given the increasing racial proscription in the mid-1800’s, (9) Many Black preachers developed a significant following across the South among both whites and blacks. John Jasper of Virginia was one such man. Slaves would defer funeral ceremonies for as long as necessary to bring him to the plantation for the service. And Jasper was equally popular among whites. During the Civil War, Jasper won a warm response from the Confederate wounded to whom he preached and offered solace (9). A long history of antislavery and political activity among Northern black Protestants had convinced them that they could play a major role in the adjustment of the four million freed slaves to American life. In a massive missionary effort, Northern black leaders such as Daniel A. Payne and Theophilus Gould Steward established missions to their Southern counterparts, resulting in the dynamic growth of independent black churches in the Southern states between 1865 and 1900 (10). Predominantly white denominations, such as the Presbyterian, Congregational, and Episcopal churches, also sponsored missions, opened schools for freed slaves, and aided the general welfare of Southern blacks, but the majority of African-Americans chose to join the independent black denominations founded in the Northern states during the antebellum era. Within a decade the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) and the African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AMEZ) churches claimed Southern membership in the hundreds of thousands, far outstripping that of any other organizations. They were quickly joined in 1870 by a new Southern-based denomination, the Colored (now â€Å"Christian†) Methodist Episcopal Church, founded by indigenous Southern black leaders (11). The relentless evangelist figures were catalysts of the constitutional abolision of the slaves. They fought for the freedom through the exposure to God’s theoretical equality. Emancipation from slavery in 1863 posed distinctive religious challenges for African Americans in the South. When the Civil War finally brought freedom to previously enslaved peoples, the task of organizing religious communities was only one element of the larger need to create new lives–to reunite families, to find jobs, and to figure out what it would mean to live in the United States as citizens rather than property. Melville J. Herskovits has advanced the thesis that the success of Baptists in attracting blacks was rooted in the appeal of immersion which suggests a connection in the slaves’ mind with the river spirits in West African religions. Others have attacked this position including, the black scholar E. Franklin Frazier who argues that enslavement largely destroyed the social basis of religion among blacks, and that the appeal of Baptists to blacks concerns the emotional content of their worship. Stanley Elkins (whose views were heavily influenced by what took place in the concentration camps of World War II Europe), has argued–like Frazier–that slavery was so demeaning that blacks (like the Jews in the camps) were eventually stripped of every shred of dignity and humanity, including their faith. John Blassingame, on the other hand, has provided a significant body of evidence that blacks hung on to their religion as a form of resistance (11). African-American religion dealt with life as blacks lived it. It was about pain and sorrow, sin and shortcoming, pardon and joy, praise and thanksgiving, grace and hope. This version of Evangelicalism provided a wonderful benefit; it was able to accomplish great things in their lives that were frequently shouted about. This transition coincided with the period of intense religious revivalism known as â€Å"awakenings.† In the Southern states beginning in the 1770s, increasing numbers of slaves converted to evangelical religions such as the Methodist and Baptist faiths. Many clergy within these denominations actively promoted the idea that all Christians were equal in the sight of God, a message that provided hope and sustenance to the slaves (12). Slave Spirituals became the creative group expression of these aspirations. The Ring Shout was the most distinctive expression of religious worship in the praise service, with African-derived dancing and body movement emphasized. The invisible religion of the slave quarters also included conjure, a system of spiritual influence that combined herbal medicine with magic and sometimes gave surprising authority to slave practitioners who believed they could affect whites as well as blacks (6). They also encouraged worship in ways that many Africans found to be similar, or at least adaptable, to African worship patterns, with enthusiastic singing, clapping, dancing, and even spirit-possession. It was here that the spirituals, with their double meanings of religious salvation and freedom from slavery, developed and flourished; and here, too, that black preachers, those who believed that God had called them to speak his Word, polished their â€Å"chanted sermons,† or rhythmic, intoned style of extemporaneous preaching. The closest replication of their religious belief was the evangelicals’ approach. African Americans, often termed as ‘blacks’, was so closely intertwined with their total life experience that the starting point in understanding the meaning of that religious life must be the total life experience. For them, before they were forced to become unwilling participants in one of the most oppressive systems of slavery that the world had witnessed, the ancestors of the African Americans in Africa were very much a religious people. In their native land the totality of their lives was informed by what in western Europe was defined as â€Å"religion,† but what, to them meant as a basic and integral part of life (Jones 1991).Thus, they brought that â€Å"religion† with them. Blacks responded to the evangelical message, though, for different reasons than those advanced by slave owner-sanctioned preachers. The potential for spiritual equality, and even the hope for earthly liberty, could be taken from evangelicalism, and that was a powerful appeal to slaves. (8) Evangelicalism’s informal, spirit-driven style of worship could evoke remembrances of the religious ecstasies of African dance religions, another reason to embrace the faith. Nowhere else in southern society did African Americans find the status that they could achieve as in churches. Some African Americans worshipped in separate black churches, but black Baptists and Methodists had shaped evolving Evangelicalism in general since the earliest revivals. Most slave worship was in biracial churches. Evangelicalism took root among African-Americans. Large numbers underwent conversion, baptism, instruction, worship, and lived the life of Christian even in face of oppression. Although, the development of their own religious institutions would await Emancipation and the war’s end, there were many thousands of Negro Baptists and Methodists by 1850. Emancipation brought many tangible rewards. Among the most obvious was a significant increase in personal freedom that came with no longer being someone else’s property: whatever hardships they faced, free blacks could not be forcibly sold away from their loved ones. But emancipation did not bring full equality, and many of the most striking gains of Reconstruction — including the substantial political power that African Americans were briefly able to exercise — were soon lost. In the decades after Reconstruction African Americans experienced continued poverty and exploitation and a rising tide of violence at the hands of whites determined to re-impose black subordination. They also experienced new forms of discrimination, spearheaded by a variety of state laws that instituted rigid racial segregation in virtually all areas of life and that (in violation of the 14th and 15th Amendments) effectively disfranchised black voters. The struggle to overcome the bitter legacy of slavery would be long and arduous. Many abolitionists belonged to the African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AMEZ). AMEZ became a platform for preaching against slavery. â€Å"The ministry was by far the most common occupation of the black leaders in the abolitionist movement† (Sorin 101). AMEZ enabled people like Denmark Vesey to plan revolts. Pennington traveled as far as Europe to preach against slavery. He wrote, â€Å"If the New Testament sanctions slavery, it authorizes the enslavement of whites as well as us† (Voices of Triumph 127). Ward was born into a slave family that escaped in 1820. He lived in upstate New York and was an agent for the American Anti-slavery Society. Ward actively protested the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. He was also an assistant to fugitive slaves (Voices of Triumph 145) (9). Over one hundred and thirty years after Nat Turner was hanged, black theology emerged as a formal discipline. Beginning with the â€Å"black power† movement in 1966, black clergy in many major denominations began to reassess the relationship of the Christian church to the black community. Black caucuses developed in the Catholic, Presbyterian, and Episcopal churches. The central thrust of these new groups was to redefine the meaning and role of the church and religion in the lives of black people. Out of this reexamination has come what some have called a ‘Black Theology’. (10) The secret meetings of â€Å"praise† of the former slaves was later institutionalized and these assemblies gave rise to independent churches. The first religious institution primarily controlled and administered by blacks was established at Silver Bluff, South Carolina in the 1770s.The Free African Society of Philadelphia, established in 1778 by two former slaves, Richard Allen and Absalom Jones was an example of one of the earliest formal organizational activity- more frequent among the free blacks in the urban North (Woodson 1922). Most of such groups were quasi-religious bodies and churches frequently came into existence from the membership of these societies. The Free African Society of Philadelphia, that newly created independent body, was the mother of two African Amertican churches- St. Thomas African Episcopal Church (later named the St. Thomas Protestant Episcopal Church) established in 1794, and the Bethel African Church (later becoming an independent organization known as the African Methodist Episcopal Church), which was the first black congregation in the Philadelphia Methodist Conference. In 1894 black Baptists formed the National Baptist Convention, an organization that is currently the largest black religious organization in the United States. There may be several reasons that evangelist were able to convert slaves, some would argue that this may be attributed to the verity that the slaves saw religion as the nearest observable fact to freedom. Still, it is quite notable that the evangelist were able to gather members not only because the African- Americans see their way of teaching as the nearest to their old rituals but also because of the evangelists’ unerring efforts to abolish slavery in the United States.

Elizabeth Film Questions Essay

Elizabeth’s time was very complicated, especially for a lady ruler. Her’s was a time when the women were regarded to be inferior to the men. Monarchy was always about the King, and the Queen was only regarded as the bearer of the son. Elizabeth was able to shine above the rest by telling them that women also had the capabilities that men had. As a ruler, the intellectual capabilities and will to lead are needed. Being a man or a woman is only a facade that may be given by people all throughout. Elizabeth’s unique way somewhat gave me the idea that life is indeed based on the perception of people. All should be regarded equally, and that chances should be given to others who have not tasted success. Furthermore, Elizabeth never showed any sign of weakness during her reign, and I believe that this is something that others should learn to follow. Decisions in the work force are not always based on the emotions of people, but on what is right and appropriate. I also believe that is just proper for all to live an open mind so that disappointments may be avoided. 9. Elizabeth decided to become married to her job. What are the pros and cons of such a choice? Committing entirely to a specific job is something that people should learn to take seriously. At a young age, Elizabeth decided to become married to her job as Queen of England. For this, she had to leave her personal life behind, and had to prioritize the welfare of her people above anyone else. Unlike other women, Elizabeth executed a fiery heart that was far different from other women her age. As the queen, she led her army during the Golden Age, while the women stayed home to cater to the needs of the children. The pride and honor that would come with such action is irreplaceable with any sum of money; however, going home alone is another unfair effect. Since she opted not to marry, she was left alone with no one to turn to in times of heartaches. She had to resolve her queries alone, and had to be strong when she was feeling lowly. 12. If you were queen or king of your organization what would you do? Do you think it’s easy to be a monarch or a CEO? Why or why not? If I were King, I would opt for a government where freedom exists. I do not want my people to be afraid by my mere presence, nor would they be hindered from airing their sentiments to me and my government. In addition to this, I also want to rein a country where love and peace exists, and where others would be happy by the simple things in life. However, I also want to put a limit on the kind of openness that may exist between the government and the people. I deem it necessary so that the people would learn to practice an honest and simple life. Personally, I believe that both positions are quite difficult to accomplish in their own little ways. However, I would opt to be a CEO than be a King of a land. Work as a CEO is only isolated to the problems that may be experienced by a company, as compared to the numerous problems that may be placed on the head of the King. Each decision that is made by the CEO is geared towards the success and improvement of the company alone, but may turn the other way around when placed in the wrong set of hands. Regardless of such impediments, I believe that people should learn to keep an open mind for change in order to accomplish everything in a more positive note. May it be a King or a CEO, what is important is the fact that as ruler, I may be able to fulfill my duties geared towards the upheaval of life.

Madoff, A Powerful And Revered Man By Wall Street

Bernie Madoff, a once powerful and revered man by Wall Street experts pled guilty on March 12th, 2009 to the largest Ponzi scheme in history. Bernie Madoff was a very intelligent man who correctly predicted that the buying and selling of stock would be computerized. He was able to generate a unique system that provided better prices that attracted new clientele. Madoff was known as a major player and earned a great reputation from Wall Street executives as a financial wizard. The reputation of his engagement and involvement in industry organizations eventually lead him in becoming a nonexecutive chairman of the NASDAQ stock market in the early 1990’s. His success and reputation enabled his company, Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities, to prosper and grow. Madoff targeted specific elite groups of investors, creating a prestigious reputation and making investors believe that they were members of an exclusive club. The reputation of his prestigious firm continued to grow by d eclining many requests to accepting new investors. His marketing strategy worked and attracted many more new investors. Although his account statements were pure fiction, his prominence and strategically cultivated image kept investors from questioning his success and methods. Madoff’s Ponzi scheme was very complex and operated on major scale. Typically scam artist would take money from new â€Å"investors† and use it to pay off existing investors. Eventually the scheme ends when there are no newShow MoreRelatedEssay on White Collar Crimes in America3039 Words   |  13 PagesLehman Brothers and Madoff, we find how the culprits started there deception, the aftermath of the scandal and what our country has done to prevent future scandals. In the 1920’s, Wall Street was a very different place than it is today. There was a great lack of disclosure and a great amount of stock manipulation. It was common knowledge to Wall Street professionals, and even some of the general public, that Wall Street was a rigged system that was run by large and powerful investment pools. ThereRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pages.. 39 Inventors and Innovators: The Wright Brothers (Pioneers of human flight) ...................................................................................... 41 P age |3 Leaders, Politicians, and Businesspeople: Bernard â€Å"Bernie† Madoff (The greatest con artist in history) .................................................................. 43 Henry Ford (Kind-hearted industrialist and automobile innovator) ......................................................... 45 Malcolm X (Militant